christian counseling today
Vol. 20 no. 2
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Childhood Anxiety Disorders
7
is the most well-established
treatment for childhood anxiety disorders and is based on
principles of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT). It has also
been successfully modified to actively include family/parenting
components.
8
Childhood Obsessive Compulsive Disorder
OCD is treated somewhat differently than other anxiety
disorders. The gold-standard treatment
9
for this potentially
debilitating disorder is another form of cognitive behavior
therapy tailor-made for OCD, developed by John March and
his colleagues at Duke University.
10
Childhood and Adolescent Depression
A number of individual cognitive behavioral programs have
been developed that show potential, but no one program
has emerged as the most promising, empirically-supported
treatment. One evidenced-based CBT approach that is both
well-organized and easily accessible is by Kevin Start and his
associates.
11
Several group approaches to CBT have also proven to be
effective. Two standouts are: the Penn Prevention Program
12
and the Coping with Depression treatment program
13
(can be
downloaded at kpchr.org/research/public/acwd/acwd.html).
Finally, the prominent and utilized individual treatment
for adolescent depression is Interpersonal Therapy, specially
designed for this client population.
14
Effective and tailored
treatments for children and adolescents begin with a compre-
hensive assessment that incorporates the right instruments and
testing protocols. They provide a helpful road map and best-
practice orientation that utilizes well-researched programs for
optimal results.
✠
Gary Sibcy II, Ph.D.,
is a Licensed Clinical
Psychologist, professor in the Center for Counseling and
Family Studies and director of the Ph.D. Program in
Counseling at Liberty University. He is also a Clinical
Psychologist at Piedmont Psychiatric Center and the
Director of Clinical Research and Assessment at the
American Association of Christian Counselors.
Endnotes
1
APA Presidential Task Force on Evidence-based Practice (2006).
Evidence-based Practice in Psychology.
American Psychologist
, 61,
271-285.
2
Barkley, R.A. & Murphy, K.R. (1998).
Attention-deficit Hyperactivity
Disorder: A Clinical Workbook
(2nd ed.). New York: Guilford Press.
3
Forgatch, M.S. & Patterson, G.R. (2010). Parent Management Training
– Oregon Model: An Intervention for Antisocial Behavior in Children
and Adolescents. In J.R. Weisz & A.E. Kazdin (Eds.),
Evidence-based
Psychotherapies for Children and Adolescents
(2nd ed., 159-178).
New York: Guilford Press.
4
Zisser, A. & Eyberg, S.M. (2010). Parent-child Interaction Therapy
and the Treatment of Disruptive Behavior Disorders. In J.R. Weisz &
A.E. Kazdin (Eds.),
Evidence-based Psychotherapies for Children and
Adolescents
(2nd ed., 179-193). New York: Guilford Press.
5
Webster-Stratton, C. & Reid, M.J. (2010). The Incredible Years
Parents, Teachers, and Children Training Series: A Multifaceted
Treatment Approach for Young Children with Conduct Disorders. In
J.R. Weisz & A.E. Kazdin (Eds.),
Evidence-based Psychotherapies
for Children and Adolescents
(2nd ed., 194-210). New York: Guilford
Press.
6
Kazdin, A.E. (2010). Problem-skills Training and Parent Management
Training for Oppositional Defiant Disorder and Conduct Disorder. In
J.R. Weisz & A.E. Kazdin (Eds.),
Evidence-based Psychotherapies
for Children and Adolescents
(2nd ed., 211-226). New York: Guilford
Press.
7
Beidas, R.S., Podell, J. & Kendall, P.C. (2008). Cognitive-behavioral
Treatment for Child and Adolescent Anxiety: The Coping Cat
Program. In C.W. LeCroy (Ed.),
Handbook of Evidence-based
Treatment Manuals for Children and Adolescents
(2nd ed., 405-430).
New York: Oxford University Press. Get updated manual: Kendall,
P.C. & Hedtke, K. (2006a).
Cognitive-behavioral Therapy for Anxious
Children: Therapist Manual
(3rd ed.). Ardmore, PA: Workbook
Publishing.
8
Kendall, P.C., Hudson, J.L., Gosch, E., Flannery-Schroeder, E.
& Suveg, C. (2008). Cognitive-behavioral Therapy for Anxiety
Disordered Youth: A Randomized Clinical Trial Evaluating Child and
Family Modalities.
Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology
, 76,
282-297. doi:10.1037/0022-006X.76.2.282.
9
Franklin, M.E., Sapyta, J., Freeman, J.B., Khanna, M., Compton,
S., Almirall, D., Moore, P., Choate-Summers, M., Garcia, A., Edson,
A.L., Foa, E.B. & March, J.S. (2011). Cognitive Behavior Therapy
Augmentation of Pharmacotherapy in Pediatric Obsessive-compulsive
Disorder: The Pediatric OCD Treatment Study (POTS II) Randomized
Controlled Trial.
JAMA
, 306, 1,224-1,232. doi:10.1001/jama.2011.1344.
10
March, J.S. & Mulle, K. (1998).
OCD in Children and Adolescents:
A Cognitive-behavioral Treatment Manual
. New York: Guilford Press.
Also, for a parent companion to this clinician manual, see March
(2006). Talking Back to OCD: The Program that Helps Kids and Teens
Say “No Way” and Parents Say “Way to Go.” New York: Guilford
Press.
11
Stark, K., et al. (2007).
Treating Depressed Youth: Therapist Manual.
Ardmore, PA: Workbook Publishing.
12
Gillham, J.E., Reivich, K.J., Freres, D.R., Chaplin, T.M., Shatté, A.J.,
Samuels, B., Elkon, A.G., Litzinger, S., Lascher, M., Gallop, R. &
Seligman, M.E.P. (2007). School-based Prevention of Depressive
Symptoms: A Randomized Controlled Study of the Effectiveness and
Specificity of the Penn Resiliency Program.
Journal of Consulting and
Clinical Psychology
, 75, 9-19. doi:10.1037/0022-006X.75.1.9.
13
Clarke, G.N., Hornbrook, M.C., Lynch, F., Polen, M., Gale, J.,
Beardslee, W., O’Connor, E. & Seeley J.A. (2001). Randomized
Trial of a Group Cognitive Intervention for Preventing Depression in
Adolescent Offspring of Depressed Parents.
Archives of General
Psychiatry
, 58(12).
14
Mufson, L., Dorta, K.P., Wickramaratne, P., Nomura, Y., Olfson, M.
& Weissman, M.M. (2004). A Randomized Effectiveness Trial of
Interpersonal Psychotherapy for Depressed Adolescents.
Archives of
General Psychiatry
, 61, 577-584. doi:10.1001/archpsyc.61.6.577. See
also, Jacobson & Mufson (2010). Treating Adolescent Depression
Using Interpersonal Psychotherapy, In Weisz, John R. (2010-01-13),
Evidence-based Psychotherapies for Children and Adolescents
(2nd
ed.). New York: Guilford Press.
